Financial Ratio Analysis

Question: Talk about the proportions and different estimations with regards to the companys gainfulness, effectiveness, liquidity, outfitting (influence) and venture execution. Answer: Benefit Ratios Two of the most significant proportions of Billabongs benefit are return on resources and profit for value. Profit for Assets Profit for Assets (ROA) of Billabong will quantify how adequately the organization's advantages are being utilized for producing its net benefits. This valuable measure furnishes Billabongs correlation as for its serious exhibition. Recipe This proportion is determined by partitioning overall gain by normal complete resources. Profit for Equity Profit for Equity (ROE) of Billabong will gauge the net return per dollar which the normal investors put resources into the firm, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating net gain by investor's value. It ought to be noticed that the benefit proportions are gotten from the Billabongs salary articulation. Consequently, these measures exhibit the companys intermittent execution, covering the period as announced in its pay articulation, (Taylor, 2013). Resource Utilization Ratios These proportions will give the administrations proportion of control as the proportions give direction to basic elements worried about the utilization of the Billabong's advantages, stock and assortment of records receivable in the companys everyday activities, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). All out Asset Turnover (TAT) The TAT exhibits that Billabong has been utilizing its benefits beneficially throughout the year. Despite the fact that there is no generous change in the incentive somewhere in the range of 2014 and 2015 in the estimation of this proportion, such a circumstance additionally implies, that the administration had a viable power over resource turnover, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Recipe This proportion is determined by partitioning net deals by normal complete resources. Fixed Asset Turnover (FAT) Billabong has been utilizing its fixed resources, including its plant and hardware and has exhibited that these are all the more appropriately used for direct creation alongside the present resources, which incorporate money and records receivable, consequently numerous examiners would be supported for suggesting the organization due to the companys this proportion of viability, (Keown et al, 2012). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating net deals by normal all out fixed resources. Stock Turnover Cost of merchandise sold (COGS) is gotten from the companys pay articulation and it demonstrates those costs which are credited to creation of the products and which are sold during the predetermined period and stock is an appeared as a present resource on the accounting report. The reason for this measure is to perceive how regularly Billabong is using its stock to assist its deals during the predefined period, (Keown et al, 2012). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning the expense of products sold for a particular period by the normal stock for a similar period. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) This is one basic proportion, likewise named as Accounts Receivable Turnover proportion, which the administration of Billabong must screen all the time. This proportion additionally mirrors the normal assortment time of the organization for its obligations. A littler DSO implies that the administration of Billabong has a tight command over its business sectors and is productive in dealing with the assets of the investors, (Yona, 2011). Equation Records receivable turnover is determined by partitioning the net credit deals for a particular period by the normal records receivable for that period. Influence Ratios Influence proportions give proportion of Billabong's utilization of obligation financing. This is the motivation behind why examiners utilize these broadly to show up at choices for suggesting new credit or expansion of a current credit course of action. Since the utilization of obligation financing can build the hazard factor of the organization, administrations and loan bosses should screen the extra hazard continually regarding acquiring of cash by the organization and furthermore observe the expanded open doors which the new capital will give, (Yona, 2011). All out Debt Ratio The above conversation is significant as any organization has just two different ways of financing the securing of an advantage either through obtained reserves or by using reserves created from inside tasks or by selling stock in the market. Billabongs obligation proportion of 65% implies that, for each dollar of advantages which Billabong has, 65 pennies are financed with obligation money, (Mudra, 2014). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating complete liabilities by all out resources. Long haul Debt Ratio On a similar premise as over, a few leasers may likewise concentrate on Billabong's utilization of long haul obligations. This can be resolved as it fuses a little variety in the all out obligation proportion, by fusing long haul liabilities in the numerator. Obligation to-Equity Ratio The obligation to-value proportion of 185% for Billabong implies that for every dollar of itsequity, the organization has 1.85 dollars of obligation financing. The obligation to value proportion is an asset report proportion as all the components are appeared in a critical position sheet, (Mudra, 2014). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning complete liabilities by absolute value. Two other influence proportions of Billabong are huge for the organization's leasers and these are the occasions premium earned and the fixed-charge inclusion proportions. These two proportions help the investigators in estimating the organization's capacity to meet its on-going duties in overhauling the obligations which it had obtained already, (Taylor, 2013). Times Interest Earned The occasions premium earned (TIE) proportion on account of Billabong has demonstrated a decay from 5.62 in 2014 to 4.10 in 2015. In any case, it is as yet a sound marker that the companys working benefits during the ongoing time frame additionally surpassed the complete intrigue costs by 410 percent. From the examiners perspective, the higher this proportion goes, the more will be Billabong viewed as solid monetarily, (Taylor, 2013). Recipe This proportion is determined by partitioning salary before intrigue and annual charges by the intrigue cost. Fixed Charge Coverage On a similar premise as the time premium earned proportion, this fixed charge inclusion proportion, which is likewise named as the obligation administration inclusion proportion, considers all the customary occasional commitments of the organization for a given period. Recipe This proportion begins with the occasions earned premium proportion and includes pertinent fixed expenses. Liquidity Ratios The liquidity proportions are those measures which demonstrate the organization's capacity in reimbursing its transient obligation commitments. Current liabilities speak to just those commitments which are required to be settled in one year or less, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Current Ratio This proportion thinks about the present resources held by Billabong in contrast with its present liabilities. Equation This proportion is determined by isolating current resources by current liabilities. Brisk proportion Investigators accept that the financial meaning of liquidity for an organization is its capacity to transform a benefit into money at or close to the honest assessment of the advantage. Since stock can't be effectively sold, it isn't viewed as ready to meet any transient commitments. By barring inventories, this proportion gives an increasingly rigid liquidity proportion of the organization when contrasted with the present proportion, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Equation This proportion is determined by including money, money counterparts, transient speculations, and current receivables together at that point separating them by current liabilities. Market Value Ratios Speculators and administrations are keen available proportions, which can be utilized in esteeming Billabong's regular stock. Value/Earnings Ratio This proportion, which is generally known as the PE Ratio, has been the most broadly cited measurable proportion which concerns an organization's basic stock, (Yona, 2011). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating the market esteem cost per share by theearnings per share. Market-to-book Ratio This proportion is another related measure, frequently utilized alongside the PE Ratio, for stock valuation purposes by investigators. The greater part of the financial specialists might want to think about Billabongs current cost of the regular stock with the companys book estimation of stock. Such a measure is named as the value/book proportion. On the off chance that the proportion is more noteworthy than one and this is the thing that happens to be the situation for greater part of stocks, at that point the experts accept that the companys stock is exchanging at a higher cost than normal when contrasted with its book esteem, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Rundown Of References Bread cook, H.K. also, Riddick, L.A. (2013) International Finance: A Survey. Oxford: OUP USA. Greuning, H., Scott, D. furthermore, Terblanche, S. (2011) International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. Keown, A.J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W. furthermore, Scott, D.F. (2012) Financial Management: Principles and Applications (tenth ed). New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Mudra, J. (2014) International Financial Management (twelfth ed). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Taylor, M.P. (2013) Purchasing Power Parity and Real Exchange Rates. Oxon: Routledge Yona, L. (2011) International Finance for Developing Countries. Keynes: AuthorHouse.

Release the geek! - Emphasis

Discharge the nerd! Discharge the nerd! The following are the right and off base renditions of the absolute most normally incorrectly spelled words. Would you be able to expose the criminal slip-ups? They’ll pull off it notwithstanding you intruding children. Go on, let your internal nerd out to play. Offer this connection and challenge your associates to a spell-off. You realize you need to 1. neccessarynecessaryneccesary 2. separateseperateseprate 3. receivedrecievedreceeved 4. occuredoccurredocurred 5. definitelydefinately6.grammergrammar7.predjudiceprejudiceprejujice 8. minusculeminiscule 9. occasionoccassionocassion 10. proffesionalprofessional 11. accomodateaccommodateaccommadate 12. religeousreligiousreligous 13. harrassharass 14. questionnairequestionairrequestionnairre15. occurrenceoccurranceoccurence 16. mischiefousmischievousmischievious 17. embarrassembarassembarras 18. connoisseurconnoiseurconnoissouir 19. cemetarycemeterycemetry20.changeablechangablechangeible When you have your score, why not leave us a message in the remarks segment underneath to tell us how you jumped on? Also, on the off chance that you have any spelling tips youd like to share, for example, memory aides, marry love to hear them.

Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More and More Often

Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More and More Often Addiction Alcohol Use Print Why Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More Often By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 blue jean images / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Malt liquor is not your average beer. Typically malt liquor beverages have a higher percentage of alcohol content, are sold in larger containers, and are sold at a lower price per volume than the average beer. Compared to a standard drink, the typical malt liquor beverage is off the scale. The average malt liquor beer can average 80% more alcohol content than the usual 12-ounce beer. Because malt liquor represents a quick, cheap alcohol buzz, the beverages have been traditionally targeted at lower-income, minority communities. In fact, one study found that malt liquor drinkers are more likely to be homeless, unemployed, on public assistance, compared to regular beer drinkers. The study also found they also tend to drink more alcohol, and drink more often than other types of drinkers. Consume More Alcohol Per Drink Measuring malt liquor beer consumption is difficult because malt liquor beers differ from other beer beverages in two important aspects: container size and alcohol content by volume, said Ricky Bluthenthal, assistant professor at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science and corresponding author for the study. We found that the combination of these differences resulted in the average malt liquor drinker in our study consuming 80% more alcohol per drink than the average regular beer drinker. Although we did not report consequences in this paper, typically the more alcohol consumed the greater the probability of negative alcohol-related consequences for an individual and their community. Increased Risk of Problems Malt liquor beers can be sold in containers as large as 40-ounce bottles, or forties as they are referred to, said Rhonda Jones-Webb, associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota. Forties are commonly sold chilled and wrapped in brown paper bags for immediate consumption, and independent web sites devoted to malt liquor as well as rap lyrics and movie scripts encourage chugging the bottles before they get warm. The combined effects of higher alcohol content, larger serving size, and faster consumption can result in higher blood alcohol levels, an increased risk of aggressive behavior, and other alcohol-related problems. A Sign of Masculinity? Jones-Webb said that malt liquor beers are largely targeted to African American and Hispanic youth, and young adults. Malt liquor brands such as Steel Reserve, Hurricane, Magnum, and Panther are used by the alcohol industry to connote power and machismo and lure youth and young adults into the market. Rap artists have been popular images in malt liquor advertising and gangsta rap performers portray malt liquor as a sign of masculinity. The targeting of minority youth for malt liquor sales is of particular concern because alcohol advertising has been shown to influence the brand choice, and brand choices during youth can influence beverage choices as adults. South Los Angeles Study To find out more about malt liquor drinkers, the researchers went to the streets conducting face-to-face interviews with 329 drinkers recruited from randomly selected alcohol outlets in South Los Angeles. The investigators gathered information on the drinkers socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol-use history, drinking patterns, and drinking context. Based on previous research, said Bluthenthal, we know that malt liquor beers, because of price per volume and availability, are likely to be more attractive to lower-income drinkers. In addition, advertising and popular culture references to malt liquor beers are more prevalent in media that are likely to be seen or used by African Americans. In short, south Los Angeles seemed to fit the profile we needed. Malt Liquor Drinking Patterns The sub-sample that reported drinking in the previous 90 days (n297) was 88 percent African American, 72 percent male, and 35 percent unemployed. Compared to regular beer and hard-liquor consumers, malt liquor beer drinkers were: More likely to be homelessMore likely to receive public assistance for housingLess likely to be employedReported significantly higher rates of daily or near-daily drinkingReported more drinks per day on drinking daysReported higher daily average alcohol consumptionMore likely to smoke while drinkingMore likely drink with same-sex friendsMore likely to drink outdoors Drinking More Hazardous Amounts The drinking levels we observed among malt liquor beer consumers were on average higher than the amount of alcohol consumed by individuals who are entering alcohol treatment programs, said Bluthenthal. The study also confirms that malt liquor beers are consumed in potentially more hazardous amounts and settings than regular beers and that grouping malt liquor beer drinkers with regular beer drinkers are likely to result in underestimates of alcohol consumed among malt liquor beer drinkers as well as the consequences of this consumption.

Education and Schools in Texas

Every state adheres to a different set of rules and regulations regarding education.  State governments seem to take varying approaches on almost every education and school-related piece of legislation.  Hot issues such as standardized testing, charter schools, teacher certification, and school vouchers are handled differently in each state.  This profile focuses on education and schools in Texas. District/School Information Texas Commissioner of Education: Mike Morath Length of School Year: A minimum of 75,600 minutes is required by Texas state law.******* Number of Public School Districts: There are 1,200 public school districts in Texas.******* Number of Public Schools: There are 8,759 public schools in Texas.******* Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 5,385,012 public school students in Texas.******* Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There were 362,193 public school teachers in Texas in 2017-2018.******* Number of Charter Schools: There are 177 charter schools in Texas.******* Per Pupil Spending: Texas spends $9,352 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size in Texas is 15.1 students per 1 teacher.******* Percentage of Title I Schools: 79.7% of schools in Texas are Title I Schools.**** Percentage With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 8.9% of students in Texas are on IEPs.**** Percentage in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 17.2% of students in Texas are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** Percentage of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 58.9% of students in Texas schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown:**** White: 28.1% Black: 12.6% Hispanic: 52.4% Asian: 4.2% Pacific Islander: 0.1% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.4% Two or more races: 2.2% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 89.7% of all students entering high school in Texas graduate.******* Average ACT/SAT scores: Average ACT Composite Score: 20.7*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1032***** 2017 Grade 8 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment scores:**** Math: 282 is the scaled score for 8th-grade students in Texas. The U.S. average was 282. Reading: 260 is the scaled score for 8th-grade students in Texas. The U.S. average was 265. Percentage of Students Who Enrolled in College After High School: 58.7% of students in Texas went on to attend some level of college in 2014.* Six-Year College Graduation Rate: 60.9% of public university students in Texas graduates within six years.***** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 1,330 private schools in Texas.** Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 194,576 private school students in Texas.** Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were 142,993 students that were home-schooled in Texas in 2017.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Texas was $54,122 in 2018.******* The state of Texas has a teacher’s minimum salary schedule. However, some districts may negotiate salaries with their teachers.    *Data courtesy of NCHEMS Information Center for Higher Education Policymaking and Analysis **Data courtesy of Texas Private School Accreditation Commission ***Data courtesy of ACT ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics *****Data courtesy of College Board ******Data courtesy of Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board *******Data courtesy of Texas Education Agency #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Disclaimer:  The information provided on this page changes frequently.  It will be updated regularly as new information and data becomes available.

Essay on Bottlenose Dolphins - 2377 Words

Bottlenose Dolphins This essay is NOT formatted Bottlenose dolphins are among the most vocal of the nonhuman animals and exhibit remarkable development of the sound production and auditory mechanisms. This can be seen in audition, which is shown in the animal’s highly refined echolocation ability, and in tightly organized schools in which they live that are made up by sound communication. In testing the communication skills of dolphins, extensive studies have been done on vocal mimicry, in which the animal imitates computer-generated sounds in order to test motor control in terms of cognitive ability. Language comprehension on the other hand has been tested through labeling of objects, which has proven to be†¦show more content†¦1986). In order to understand the complexity of these highly mechanized acoustic systems, it is necessary to learn the process for which the dolphin hears. In most water-adapted cetaceans, tissue conduction is the primary route of sound conduction to the middle ear. The isolation of the bul lae shows an adaptation for tissue conducted sound. The lower jaw contains fat that is closely associated with the impedance of seawater. The lower jawbone of most odontocetes becomes broadened and quite thin posteriorly, and the fat forms an oval shape that closely corresponds to the area of minimum thickness of the jaw. This fat body leads directly to the bulla, producing a sound path to the ear structures located deep within the head. Paired and single air sacs are scattered throughout the skull, which serve to channel these tissue-conducted sounds (Popov Supin, 1991). Other than this description, there are still more studies needed to determine the function of the middle ear and the type of bone conduction that occurs within the bulla. Due to detailed audiograms, dolphins have been shown to have the ability to detect high-frequency sounds. In an experiment by Johnson (1966) as cited in Schusterman et al. (1986), sine-wave sounds ranging in frequency from 75 Hz to 150 Hz were presented to a bottle-nosed dolphin. The animal was trained to swim in a stationary area within a stall and toShow MoreRelatedThe Bottlenose Dolphin Essay1873 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Tursiops Truncatus dolphin got its name? It got its name because its nose, which is short and stubby. The Tursiops Truncatus coloring is different from other dolphins. Their physical appearance is intriguing and distinctive. They have fascinating family life and eating habits. You can even see bottlenose dolphins in many places in the U.S.A. Their main home is the Pacific Ocean, but they also live in many other places. The coloring of the bottlenose dolphin is unique. It is lightRead MoreA Research Study On Bottlenose Dolphins1188 Words   |  5 PagesBottlenose dolphins are among the most familiar cetaceans, just as whales. 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You’re in the ocean attempting to swim, but only this time, instead of moving your arms over your head and yourRead MoreA Case Of Nuturant Care : Adoption Of A Presumed Delphinus Calf By Bottlenose Dolphin3289 Words   |  14 PagesSHORT COMMUNICATION A novel case of nuturant care: Adoption of a presumed Delphinus calf by bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Far North waters, New Zealand. CH Petersa* and KA Stockina aCoastal-Marine Research Group, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand Worldwide inter-specific behavioural interactions in the order Cetacea are diverse and often complex. Epimelatic care can be described as nurturant or Succorant in nature. Adoption canRead MoreCommon Bottlenose Dolphin843 Words   |  3 PagesThe Common Bottlenose dolphin is one of many dolphins in our world today. According to marinemammalsceince.org the scientific name for the common bottlenose dolphin is â€Å"Tursiops truncates†. Like many other mammals, this dolphin has been classified. According to San Francisco State University Department of Geography â€Å"the kingdom Tursiops truncatus belongs to is Animalia, the phylum to which they are grouped in is Chordata, and their class is Mammalia. The order in which they belong to is cetaceanRead MoreThe Common Bottlenose Dolphin1257 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Common Bottlenose Dolphin Organism common name and phylum, class, order, family, genus The common name for Tursiops truncatus is the common bottlenose dolphin, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Cetacea, family Delphinidae, of the genus Tursiops, External characteristics As shown in Figure 1 below, the bottlenose dolphin has a streamlined body that provides maximum speed underwater. Figure 1. External Characteristics of the Bottlenose Dolphin Source: http://www.enchantedlearningRead MoreClimate Change and the Bottlenose Dolphins1289 Words   |  5 Pagestemperatures. Climate change has been estimated to effect 88% of cetaceans and endangering nearly 21%. More specifically, each of these changes have harmful, potentially deadly and lasting effects on Bottlenose Dolphins. Ultimately causing dangerous and toxic conditions leading to an increase of dolphin strandings and death. During the 1990s scientist were able to collect 5,000 different salinity profiles. From their findings they were able to estimate a 20 percent increase in freshwaterRead MoreUsing The Group Membership Method Resemble Those Found By Lusseau Et Al1662 Words   |  7 Pagesfission-fusion society, where group composition is dynamic over time (Grellier et al. 2003). The three sub-groups may be an apparently permanent feature of the population when using the group membership method, with the fission-fusion nature of bottlenose dolphins defining the composition of each group through time. It must be noted however that Lusseau et al.’s (2003) study was over a period of seven years, where 546 days were spent on the water. Due to the immense differences in field effort, directRead MoreDiverse Mating Strategies Among Different Species1507 Words   |  7 PagesDiverse Mating Strategies Among Different Dolphin Species There are a variety of different mating strategies among different male dolphins species. â€Å"Male mating strategies and forms of competitive interaction among male cetaceans lead to the development of sexually dimorphic features such as prominent postanal humps, reproductive adaptation such as large testis size, and retained bodily scarring caused by interactions with conspecifics.† (Murphy, 2005) Cetacean have been noted to either have aRead MoreThe Research On Marine Mammal Captivity1332 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In recent years, animals in captive environments such as zoos and theme parks have grown more controversial. The literature I have reviewed focuses on a particular group of animals in captivity, cetaceans. Cetaceans include whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The literature includes a range of themes, from their unique level of intelligence to why they may mentally and physically suffer in captive environments. However, it all connects to how and why these animals live and behave differently

Ways to better your presentation Free Essays

Technology has changed people’s life in many different ways but not always for the best or even to improve their life but to do badly in the world. Like they say that a person can change behind closed doors so can peoples ethics. As for example the No Electronic Theft (NET) Act in 1997, how many of us sometimes are will wait for a CD or movie to come out and when we think about going to buy it or even see it the movie n theater, especially if we have a normal size family of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to better your presentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There easy could be a hundred dollars for a trip to the movie but when there might be a place where you know they sell black market or even a website online. That where the No Electronic Theft (NET) Act in 1997 comes in place for people make or even reproduce or share copies of copyrighted work. Before this law people would sell and copied software programs, movies, games and even songs for profit gain. It carries a maximum anally of three years and a huge fine of 250,000. But if it shows that person was doing it for nonprofit gain they could face no chargers or minimum penalties but still if we sit down and realize where the ethics are. The other law that caught my eye during the homework assignment was Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCP), 1991 since right after working in a call center for two years after my high school day with all honestly I didn’t seem to know what was important that our personal honestly ND ethics is more important than the companies and if that company doesn’t have the honest ethics maybe isn’t the right place for someone. I know that sometimes be get call by telemarketer all day and sometimes we tell them we want to be on the Do Not Call Registry. Because of the problem with telemarketing that they call to early or two late they have rules and it’s where the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCP), 1991 comes in two place where if you telemarketer you want on the Do Not Call List and from there on it take 31 days from the date you asked to be on the list for it in order to be removed and it have a 5 year register . How to cite Ways to better your presentation, Papers

To what extent is the reluctant fundamentalist about nostalgia free essay sample

Changez often shows signs of nostalgia when remembering his journey. The audience can see that toward the end Changez is spiralling into the dangers of Nostalgia. When Changez thinks about his countries past he feels jealous, not at America, but at the fact that the world notices America’s greatness and looks up to the country but doesn’t ponder on Lahore’s pronounced history. Changez often remembers New York with fondness but he has a profound hatred toward America. When reminiscing about his time in New York, Changez remembers the â€Å"cosmopolitan nature† of the city displayed before 9/11, and what America turned it into after 9/11. Body Paragraph 2: Erica Erica cannot let go of the memory of her deceased childhood sweetheart While she physically moves in reality, mentally she is stuck in the memories of her past. Body Paragraph 3: America After September 11 America clings to its past. â€Å"Nostalgia was their crack cocaine† TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST ABOUT NOSTALGIA? Nostalgia is defined as a â€Å"sentimental longing or wistful thinking for a period in the past†. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is the reluctant fundamentalist about nostalgia? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In theory nostalgia is a wonderful experience of reminiscing on memories in the past, but every so often nostalgia can have destructive effects on one’s mentality. In â€Å"The Reluctant Fundamentalist† Mohsid Hamid incorporates the theme of nostalgia throughout the monologue. Through his characters, Hamid illustrations both the positive and negative effects nostalgia has on a person. He explains to us that if handled carefully, nostalgia could be a form of relief, but if one dwells only in the past they will lose themselves, and find it nearly impossible to distinguish their reality from their memory. The protagonist Changez opens up to the American ‘tourist’, and in doing so displays strong sense of nostalgia that often takes over him. In many occasions Changez looks back at his time in New York with a certain degree of affection, presenting to the audience the fact that there is and always will be a place â€Å"of great fondness in [his] heart† for his beloved New York. He often remembers the little things with a sense of longing such as the delicious popcorn shrimp, â€Å"a delicacy [they] entirely lack in Lahore†. These brief moments of desire allows Changez to momentarily evoke upon the enjoyments of America without bring reminded of the pain and suffering he endures during his time there. This demonstrates how nostalgia can illuminate some memories while at the same time darken others. It is also evident through Changez the deadly dangers that nostalgia can bring about. Even after moving to the opposite side of the world Changez â€Å"remained emotionally entwined with Erica† He began to live in his memory, unprepared to come to terms with the fact that Erica is never coming back. He clung to the hope that she is still alive and searches for her existence with no reward. Changez faces a constant battle with his memories succumbing to their powerful misconceptions of reality. He started to manifest a reality that was only fiction. In many ways it seems like nostalgia is a contagious disease which was once faced by Erica but has now taken a hold of Changez. Erica is the girl of Changez’s dreams. She is the ideal American socialite; graceful, elegant and with the magnetism of a celebrity {Britney spears quote-find} But despite her outer perfection, Erica is mentally unstable, â€Å"struggling with a current pulling her within herself†. After the sudden death of her one true love Erica was lost and confused, she didn’t know how to live a life without him, and unlike the many people who suffer the loss of a loved one, Erica never recovered. Instead of accepting his death Erica often romantics her time spent with Chris, illuminating the good times and darkening the bad. While she physically moved in the world of the living, mentally she was stuck with her diseased lover, unwilling to let go. In the end Erica sinks so deep into her imagination and is consumed by nostalgia. Just like Erica, America finds it difficult to move on from the past and look forward to the future. After the destruction of the Twin Towers America clings to the past, and â€Å"was increasingly giving over to the dangerous nostalgia at the time† America was brought down by a third world country, who’s technological advances and knowledge were presumably much inferior to Americas, and this attack on America not only damaged its ego but also its image. America wouldn’t accept defeat by a country that is seemingly infinitely inferior to theirs and hence America reacted destructively. The nation suddenly changed its face, from multi-cultural to anti-Muslim, in an instant. Despite being allies with Muslim country, America attacked them, one wold presume as a form of revenge, as well as to assure to people of the world that America is a country that one cannot defy without consequence. America’s failure to move on from these attacks clouds their decisions, in these circumstances they are willing to see only the destruction caused by a small group of people from Muslim community and not the progressive outcomes of their existence in and outside their country. In conclusion in the novel â€Å"The Reluctant Fundamentalist† Mohsin Hamid incorporates the theme of nostalgia inconspicuously throughout the novel. Through his characters, He demonstrates the positive and negative effects nostalgia can have on a person. By comparing nostalgia to â€Å"crack cocaine† we can assume that nostalgia has the ability to numb the pain of reality but if triggered on a regular basis one gets addicted, and loses themselves in their memory, unable to distinguish an memory from reality.

Three kings quarry essays

Three kings quarry essays The extraction of scoria comprises machine excavation from the cliff face or floor of the quarry where scoria is also extracted and processed on that site. Excavated material is transported on the trucks to the processing plant located on the centre of the site. The raw product is produced into various grades of useful material through several stages of crushing, screening and handling by conveyors. The finished products are transported to the stockpiles on the site awaiting sale and transport off the site. Layers of irregular intrusions are hard basalt stone which are associated with scoria that requires techniques other than excavations to break down the hardness. To do this, techniques used include a variety of drilling, blasting with explosives and rock breaking which have all been used previously in the past. Once these have been reduced into manageable sizes, it is then processed in a way scoria is also processed, or sold in large pieces for incorporation projects such as coastal protection works. Output from the quarry varies according to demand. It follows the cyclic nature of the construction industry and the scale of projects involved. The weight to strength surface area vesicular structure and colour of the scorias varied unique properties, sees it being used, for domestic drainage, landscaping jobs, infrastructure projects and many more. The quarry output grew steadily with the development of the surrounding community and reached its present capacity in the 1950s. Mines returns and company records show that annual production has exceeded 200,000 tones, but that demand averages 160,000 to 180,000 tonnes per year. ...

Bien entendu - French Expression

Bien entendu - French Expression Expression: Bien entendu Pronunciation: [by(eh) na(n) ta(n) doo] Meaning: of course, obviously Literal translation: well understood Register: formal Notes The French expression bien entendu is a polite way of saying of course, when that is the expected response to a question or request.   Ã‚  Ã‚   -Avez-vous lu le rapport ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Bien entendu !   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Did you read the report?   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Of course!   Ã‚  Ã‚   -Pourriez-vous maider porter les valises  ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Bien entendu, monsieur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Could you help me carry the suitcases?   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Of course, sir. Bien entendu can also be used within a statement in reference to something obvious or expected:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Il faut que nous travaillions ensemble, bien entendu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Obviously, we need to work together.   Ã‚  Ã‚   lexception, bien entendu, des enfants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Except for the children, of course.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bien entendu, il est parti tà ´t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  He left early, of course. Bien entendu cannot be modifed with que oui or que non, which makes it less flexible than its less formal synonym bien sà »r. Bien entendu (or just entendu) can also mean agreed, understood:   Ã‚  Ã‚   -Je ne veux pas parler de ces questions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Bien entendu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  -I dont want to talk about those issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  -Understood.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Voil, cest (bien) entendu ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Thats it, understood? ... agreed? Il est bien entendu que subordinate clause means of course its understood / it must be understood that....   Ã‚  Ã‚   Il est bien entendu que vous travaillerez tout seul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course its understood (of course you understand) that youll be working alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Il est bien entendu que laccà ¨s mon bureau est interdit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  It must be understood that my office is off-limits. Attention: Bien entendu is not always a set expression; it can also be the adverb bien modifying the past participle of the verb entendre (to hear, understand) or sentendre (to get along).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Est-ce que je vous ai bien entendu ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Did I hear you correctly?   Ã‚  Ã‚   Il sest bien entendu avec les autres enfants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  He got along well with the other children. More Expressions with bienConjugations for entendreSynonyms for ouiMost common French phrases

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Final Project - Essay Example To prove this, data from Anne Arundel, Talbot, Dorchester, Calvert County, and their relative Chesapeake Bay areas, will be collected and compared. Excessive amounts of nutrients can cause the growth of microscopic plants algae. When its population explodes or thrives, the water quality depletes. The water itself appears cloudy and blocks sunlight to the aquatic plants (SAV) that need the precious sunlight for their survival. When they dont get this energy, they die. These aquatic plants provide food and shelter for Bays inhabitants. Fish and crabs are among the prime animals. Overall, the whole Bays habitat is damaged. Algae grows due to excessive nutrients. And preventing sunlight from reaching the aquatic plants is not the only problem they cause. By blocking the sunlight, they also reduce the oxygen levels in the water during certain months. This is especially true through the summertime as decaying algae starts to sink in the water. The microscopic animals and bacteria feed on these plants. This process consumes the limited oxygen present in the water. As a result of the dying algae and hot summers the oxygen levels in the Bays water start to decline, killing different organisms in the process. It is very difficult to find data on this topic. The Chesapeake Bay area is enormous and finding this complicated, and huge volume of data is a time-consuming process. The primary sources used to obtain data for this study were; First the research area was selected. Then a focused area was selected using ArcMap. This process revealed the permanently preserved agricultural lands. Talbot, Dorchester, Calvert and an Anne Arundel are the four primary agricultural areas. Later the priority preserved agricultural areas were identified such as Annapolis in Anne Arundel. The data revealed oxygen levels less than 0.2 mg/l in anoxic

Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Code of Ethics - Essay Example rofessional and personal relationships or between professional interests and other individual businesses in relation to duties and responsibilities given in the company. This includes avoiding investments, interest or interferences of association. All employees must provide complete, accurate, fair, understandable and timely report or document disclosure required by the company or hand them over to the SEC or other public communications of the company. It is prudent to comply with all the company rules and regulations that relate to the federal state, public regulation agencies and local governments that affect the conduct of the company’s business. All employees must act responsibly, with due care and in good faith upholding competence and diligence without the use of independent judgment and misrepresenting material facts. It is important for all employees to respect the confidentiality of information received in the course of work unless authorized or obligated legally to disclose the information. It is within the professional ethics to share knowledge and maintain relevant skills for carrying out individual duties in the company’s scope. Promote ethical behavior proactively among peers, colleagues and work groups in the work community and environment. All employees must promptly report to the Audit committee any information concerning any kind of fraud either in the management or in other employees that have significant impact in the Company’s financial report. Any significant deficiencies in design and operations of internal controls that may affect the Company’s ability to record, process summarize and report financial

Case Study: Patient with Heart Burn

Case Study: Patient with Heart Burn The patient is a 45 year old male with a history of eight weeks complaint of heart burn that worsens with lying down after dinner. The patient states that the pain lasts thirty minutes to two hours, and that it wakes him at night. Patient reports taking Maalox and Rolaids up to five times daily, however these only help for a short time. Medical History No Known Allergies Hypertension for two years Rheumatoid arthritis in hands and feet for one year Social History Patient is married with three children. Patient drinks two beers daily for the past twenty years and smokes one pack per day for twenty years. Current medications Prednisone 20 mg orally daily Diltiazem 240 mg orally daily Piroxicam 30 mg orally daily Multi- vitamin one orally daily Physical examination T. = 99 RR=18 Pulse =77 BP = 127/76 Weight 242 Height 59† ENT EOMI, PERRLA, mild sputum Cardiac – normal S1 and S2 Chest slight dyspnea Abdomen – soft, with mild pain (4 on 1-10 scale, with 10 being worst) to upper quadrant below sternum. Genitourinary deferred Rectal- deferred Extremities arthritic changes to hands Skin normal Neuro AAO times 3, normal DTR Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition in which stomach content leaks backward from the stomach into the esophagus. The symptoms are heartburn, nausea, and regurgitation; this causes an inflammation of the esophagus and possibly the larynx. Complications can be esophageal ulcers, Barrett esophagitis, chronic cough, and can lead to infection and inflammation of the lungs. Diagnosis is typically made by symptoms, endoscopy, and esophageal acid tests (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). GERD is caused by a break down in the barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. There are three main types of treatment that physicians consider when treating reflux disease. The treatment will depend on the severity of the symptoms (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). With any patient suffering from GERD, there are lifestyle changes and dietary changes that are effective in management of the disease (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Lifestyle changes that the patient can do are as follows: Stop smoking if tobacco products are used (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011) Taking antacids (of aluminum hydroxide content) (PubMed, 2012) Avoid food consumption within 2 hours of going to bed (PubMed, 2012) Avoid caffeinated beverages, chocolate, nicotine, alcohol, and peppermint (PubMed). Monitor intake of spicy and acidic foods (PubMed, 2012) Limit the amount of high fatty foods in the diet (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011) Eat 5 to 6 small meals during the day, instead of 3 large meals (PubMed, 2012) Monitor weight, as obesity increases the symptoms of GERD (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011) Elevate the head of the bed using a 6 to 8 inch block or a wedge under the mattress to enhance acid clearance when reclining (PubMed, 2012) Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly to enhance digestion (PubMed, 2012) *Avoid restrictive clothing, lifting heavy objects, straining, working in a bent position, and stooping (PubMed, 2012). * Chewing gum, this increases saliva production and natural acid reduction (PubMed, 2012). The symptoms may be controlled with the medications; however, the medical issue never goes away. Lifestyle changes are helpful in the overall treatment and control (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Diagnosis Diagnosis and treatment consist of a physical examination and history, esophageal motility testing, esophageal acid test, endoscopy (esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy or EGD), and possible biopsy to diagnosis Barrett’s (Ananal, 2012). The esophageal acid test is considered the â€Å"gold standard† for diagnosis (PubMed). Current medications and interactions related to GERD Calcium channel blockers are classifications of medications used to treat hypertension. These drugs can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, which can cause GERD (Hughes, Lockart, Joyce, 2007) Corticosteroids in increased amounts have been associated with indigestion, heartburn, stomach pain and cramping, vomiting and diarrhea (Ananal, 2012). NSAIDs such as Piroxicam may cause abdominal cramping or severe pain, severe continuous heart burn and nausea. In combination with corticosteroids there is a higher risk of abdominal pain and the risk of stomach bleeding (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Treatment Treatment can include elevation of the upper body when sleeping, diet changes, and avoid certain foods, eating smaller more frequent meals, and stop smoking and alcohol use (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Medical treatment will include antacids taken one hour after meals; Tums and Rolaids are not recommended for regular use due to being a calcium carbonate. Histamine antagonist, such as Zantac, should be taken 30 minutes before bedtime to prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough. Proton pump inhibitors, such as Prilosec, should be taken, one hour before the morning meal. Foam barriers such as Gaviscon, work as a barrier to stomach acids and may be taken as needed for symptom relief, three times daily (Ananal, 2012). Antacids and alginic acid (Gaviscon) are the drugs of choice for quick relief of symptoms. These agents act primarily by rapidly increasing the ph of the gastric refluxate. Alginic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate in saliva to form sodium alginates. The sodium alginate floats on the top of the gastric contents where it acts as a mechanical barrier, minimizing exposure of the esophagus to refluxate. H2 receptor blockers act by inhibiting histamine stimulation of the gastric parietal cells, thereby suppressing gastric acid secretion. They are most effective in suppressing nocturnal acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) strongly inhibit gastric acid secretion. They act by irreversibly inhibiting the H+ K+ adenosine Triphosphatase pump of the parietal cell. By blocking the final common pathway of gastric acid suppression compared with H2 receptor blockers. When prescribed appropriately to patients with severe symptoms or refractory disease, the PPIs are more cost effective bec ause of their high healing and remission rate and the consequent prevention of complications (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Prescriptions #1 DATE__6/12/2014_____ Patient name________ (M/F) AGE__45____ Address____________ Weight__242____ Prilosec 40 mg tablet # 30 Take one tablet by mouth every morning before the morning meal for acid reflux control Refill__1__ signature______________ Generic sub __Yes__ DEA#__________ #2 DATE__6/12/2014_____ Patient name________ (M/F) AGE__45____ Address____________ Weight__242____ Zantac 75 mg tablet # 30 Take one tablet by mouth every night 1 hour before bedtime for acid reflux control Refill__1__ signature______________ Generic sub __Yes__ DEA#__________ #3 DATE__6/12/2014_____ Patient name________ (M/F) AGE__45____ Address____________ Weight__242____ Gaviscon 1 chewable tablet as needed for heartburn relief # 1 bottle Take one tablet by mouth three times daily as needed for relief of breakthrough heartburn Refill__1__ signature______________ Generic sub __Yes__ DEA#__________ References Ananal, B. (2012). Peptic ulcer disease. Retrieved from Medscape.com: http://www.medscape.com/article/181753 Brunton, L., Chabner, B., Knollman, B. (2011). Goodman Gilmans:The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. Hughes, J., Lockart, J., Joyce, A. (2007). Do calcium antagonists contribute to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and concomitant noncardiac chest pain? The British Pharmacological Society Journal. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02851.x PubMed. (2012). Lifestyle changes as a treatment of gastroesophgeal reflux disease:A survey of general practitioners. Retrieved from Pubmed.com: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC1661628 PubMed. (n.d.). Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Retrieved from PubMed health: http://www.nebi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH6001311 Identification of Didanosine | Results Identification of Didanosine | Results DISCUSSION The procured sample of didanosine was tested for its identification. The drug sample showed compliance with the data given in B.P. and Clarkes which reflects its quality and purity. Quality and purity of sample was also confirmed by the manufacturer. The lipids such as soyalecithin and cholesterol and all other excipients provided by the supplier confirmed by their identification test official in USP 24, IP and EP. All the excipients showed results in compliance with standard specifications. STANDARD CALIBRATION CURVE OF DIDANOSINE From the scanning of drug in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer was concluded that the drug had ÃŽ »max of 249 nm. From the standard calibration curve of drug, it was concluded that drug obeys Beer-Lamberts law in concentration range of 0-20mcg/mL. R2 = 0.9995 Correlation coefficient values indicated the linear correlation between concentration and absorbance. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOSOMES Among the various methods thin film hydration method is widely used on a laboratory scale. In this method the lipids are casted as stacks of film from their organic solution using flash rotary evaporator under reduced pressure and then the film is dispersed in an aqueous medium. This method yields the liposomes with a heterogeneous size distribution. Also the liposomes that are formed are multilamellar in nature with some unilamellar vesicles. (Vyas and Khar, 2002). Venkataram et al., 1990 have used PC to prepare liposomes in a drug to lipid ratio of 1: 10. The temperature during preparation has been kept 40à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C as the glass transition temperature of PC is very low. The drug entrapment into the liposomes depends mainly on Drug: Lipid ratio. In this study, the cholesterol and PC are selected as lipids in combination on basis of percent drug entrapped and rigidity (stability). S.Vemuri et al are stated that, cholesterol improves the fluidity of the bilayer membrane, reduces the permeability of water soluble molecules throught the membrane, and improve the stability of bilayer membrane in the presence of biological fluids such as blood/plasma. The hydration characteristic of lipid film was studied for different batches of liposomes and then liposomes were evaluated for % drug entrapment. From results of % drug entrapped of different batches of liposomes that were prepared and stability of liposomes under different temperature condition it was observed that as the percentage of cholesterol was increased there was subsequent increase in the stability and rigidity of liposomes but at the same time percentage drug entrapment reduced, Due to reduction in phosphatydilcholine. Formulation F4 containing 70% of PC and 30% cholesterol showed maximum drug entrapment (29.41%) with satisfactory stability and rigidity i.e. showed spherical shape with only 1.86% of drug leaching at 25 after 30 days. However, when PC was further increased to 80% keeping cholesterol to 20% there was increase in % drug entrapment but simultaneous decrease in stability and rigidity. The shape was lost and drug leaching was more i.e.10.25%. The data was also treated statistically by using one way analysis (ANOVA) and found to be satisfactory significant difference (P PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIDANOSINE PROLIPOSOMES The proliposomes of Didanosine were prepared by powder thin film hydration (New, 1990). Here modified rotary evaporator unit was used as described by Lee et al., 1999. Different carriers like lactose, sodium chloride and lactose beads were used for preparation of proliposomes. Were hydrated with distilled water and the liposomes was analysed for % drug entrapped for different batches of proliposomes derived liposomes were as shown in the table 5.3. The Lipid: Carrier ratio was kept 1: 10 as reported by Song et al., 2002. The proliposomes of lactose were quite free flowing compared to the lactose that was used to prepare them and lactose proliposomes showed highest % drug entrapment (29.17). They were less sticky. Also as the amount of lipid i.e. lecithin was increased the proliposomes powder was found to be very sticky. This is because the lipid is sticky at room temperature. In case of sodium chloride the carrier was very free flowing but the proliposomes powder was very sticky compared to that made with either lactose or sorbitol. The particle size of the liposomes formed in sodium chloride and lactose beads was also greater than that formed with lactose. Here the carrier is non porous so majority of the lipid has to be deposited over the on the surface of the carrier, thereby maximizing the possibility of agglomeration and also because sodium chloride is hygroscopic. So it can be said that such nonporous carriers are suitable only for high melting lipids. The results are in accordance with those observed by Payne et al. As the amount of lipid was increased in case of sodium chloride the proliposomes were found to be extremely sticky because they tend to agglomerate (Payne et al., 1986a). The entrapment of the proliposomes made by using sodium chloride as a carrier was very low compared to that of either lactose or lactose beads because of the effect of the monovalent cation Na+. Sodium ion has the effect of increasing the release of cyclosporine from the liposome hence it decreases the entrapment of drug in the liposomes (Al-Angary et al., 1995). The proliposomes of lactose beads were found to be very free flowing just like the lactose beads from which the proliposomes were prepared but the surface area available for coating less compared to lactose powder and sodium chloride so film formed is thick so it yields multilammelar liposomes. Based on the above results the carrier was finalized. In subsequent experiments Lactose was used as a carrier and the formulation was optimized by a 32 factorial design. The effect of the two independent variables viz. Drug: Lipid ratio and Lipid: Carrier ratio was studied on dependant variables like entrapment and mean particle size. All other processing factors like vacuum applied, speed of rotation of round bottom flask; temperature, amount of surfactant etc were kept constant. OPTIMIZATION OF PROLIPOSOMES A prior knowledge and understanding of the process and the process variables under investigation are necessary for achieving a more realistic model. Based on the results of the preliminary experiments, drug: lipid ratio was found to be a major variable in determining PDE and Lipid: carrier ratio in determining the PMD. Hence, these variables were selected to find the optimized condition for higher PDE and PMD using 32 factorial design. By using 32 factorial designs, 9 batches of didanosine liposomes were prepared varying the two independent variables at three levels as recorded in the table. The prepared batches were evaluated for % drug entrapment (PDE) and mean particle size, which were taken as dependent variables and the results were recorded in the table A substantial high drug entrapment was achieved in liposomes of variable X1 (drug: Lipid = 1:15) and X2 (Lipid: Carrier = 1:15). EVALUATION STUDIES OF DIDANOSINE PROLIPOSOMES A) Microscopy of proliposome The microscopy of proliposomes revealed that the surface was smooth due to the coating of the lipid and some of the particles were agglomerated. The pictures of proliposomes are as shown in Figure. After hydration with deionized water a series of time-lapse photographs of proliposome hydration are as shown below in Figure. Here the formation of liposomes form proliposomes is shown. The results indicate that the process of dissolution/disintegration may occur by a progressive hydration of the lipid surface of the proliposome, taking the form of liposomes ‘budding off’ from the central core of the proliposome until both hydration of the lipid and dissolution of the carrier is complete. Although only an imitation of the process of proliposome hydration (due to absence of hand shaking to aid proliposome dispersion), this approach was thought to offer a reasonable indication of the process (Payne et al., 1986b). Finally the liposomes are formed that are multilamellar with a heterogeneous size distribution. The photographs reveal the multilamellar nature (Figure). Also the Maltice crosses shown in Figure indicate that the vesicles are multilamellar in nature. Also there are many unilamellar vesicles. B) Scanning electron micrographs. The scanning electron micrographs of carriers and optimized batch of proliposomes made with different carriers were taken and are as shown in the Figure. From the SEM pictures it is evident that after coating the surface becomes somewhat smooth and the surface defects are no more visible and a thick coating is also seen in proliposomes compared to the carrier alone. After coating of lipid on the surface the particles looks quite opaque and smooth compared to the carrier. EVALUATION STUDIES OF PROLIPOSOME DERIVED LIPOSOMES A) % Drug entrapped By using 32 factorial designs, 9 batches of didanosine liposomes were prepared varying the two independent variables. Various methods have been reported for determination of drug content in liposomes that involve separation of free drug from liposomes either by centrifugation or by dialysis or by sephadex column. Here the separation was affected by sephadex G25 column as reported by Guo et al., 2001. Here the PDE was calculated from the difference between the initial drug added and the drug detected after separation of the free drug. The results of various batches are as shown in the table. It was found that the % drug entrapped was highest when the Drug: Lipid ratio was highest. Also the Lipid: Carrier ratio was found to affect the entrapment of the drug into the liposomes. It was found that the highest % entrapment for all three levels of X2 was obtained at +1 level of X1 that is 21.37% at –1 level, 26.73% at 0 level and 30.89% at +1 level of X2. Graphical presentation figure shows the effect of the independent variable (drug: lipid ratio) on % drug entrapped. The results indicate that as the drug to lipid ratio increases the entrapment of the drug in the liposomes increases, as didanosine is a hydrophilic drug, which finds place within the core. B) Particle size analysis Particle size analysis results of various batches of proliposome derived liposomes are as shown in the table. The results are expressed as particle mean diameter. The particle size of the liposomes decreases as the amount of the carrier increases because there is a greater surface area available for thin lipid film formation which gives rise to a small particle size compared to a thick film that is formed when the amount of carrier is decreased (Hwang et al., 1997). The graph (figure) represents the relationship between lipid: carrier ratio on mean particle size. Mean particle size decreases as the lipid: carrier ratio increases because as the surface area increases thin film formation occurs that gives rise to smaller particle size. C) Stability Studies The optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies at 40C, 250C, 450C for 60 days. They were evaluated for physical appearance, entrapment efficiency, drug content etc. All the results obtained are within the limits and no major changes were identified physically.

Killings by Andre Dubus Essay

â€Å"Killings† by Andre Dubus is a short story about a father who seeks out vengeance for the murder of his twenty-one year old son only to learn that revenge will only make things worse. The father, Matt Fowler, is haunted by the tragedy that has befallen his youngest son. Retribution is a common human desire because people feel that it offers the truest form of justice; however, this action is against the law of the land and is thought of as reckless to pursue. The author uses foreshadowing, imagery, and dialogue to illustrate a tone of prudence when thinking of taking vengeance into one’s own hand. In the story the literary element of foreshadowing is used. The desire to get even is an emotion that is felt by all people and is not biased as to who feels it. That desire is displayed at the beginning of the story. This is shown when the author writes, â€Å"Matt’s older son, Steve, turned to him as the family left the grave and walked between their friends, and said: ‘I should kill him’† (1203). This ominous statement shows how the feeling of revenge causes the character to not think of the consequences when pursuing vengeance for what is thought of as true justice. The writer further establishes how the feeling of retribution clouds cautious thinking through foreshadowing when he writes, â€Å"‘I’ve got a . 38 I’ve had for years, I take it to the store now†¦She knows I started carrying it after the first time she saw him in town. She knows it’s in case I see him and there’s some kind of situation. ’† (1204). This indicates that not only is revenge to be sought out but also the means by which Matt Fowler plans to exact his vengeance without any thought of consequence. The author’s use of imagery creates a picture of how the father’s vengeance for his son’s murder takes place when Matt waits on the murderer to get off of work so that he can take the killer and his car back to the killer’s house. The author describes the scene with vivid detail when he writes, â€Å"†¦he stopped and aimed over the hood at Strout’s blue shirt ten feet away†¦They drove across the empty front lot and onto the road. Willis’s headlights shining into the car; then back through the town, the sea wall left hiding the beach, though far out Matt could see the ocean; he uncocked the revolver: on the right were the places, most with their neon signs off, that did so much business in summer†¦the street itself empty of traffic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1209). The description of the abduction of the killer creates a mental picture to the reader of how the father planned to obtain the murderer and exact his revenge. The use of magery is also evident when the author describes the preparations taken for getting even when the author writes, â€Å"Beyond the marsh they drove through woods, Matt thinking now of the hole he and Willis dug last Sunday afternoon†¦as they dug into the soft earth on the knoll they had chosen because elms and maples sheltered it† (1210). The prose writer not only creates a picture of how the father obtains the murder to exact retaliation but also where the killer would be disposed of. The author uses imagery to show that the character had plenty of opportunities to have second thoughts of seeking vengeance but used no caution and thought only of revenge. The author’s use of dialogue enhances the tone of caution when thinking of taking vengeance outside of the legal system. This is apparent in the father’s reply to the murderer when the author writes, â€Å"‘You’re not going to jail’† (1212). Matt Fowler’s response to the killer not going to jail through dialogue shows that he has no intentions of letting the justice system handle Strout’s punishment. The author further reinforces the tone through dialogue when he show’s the father’s distaste with the legal system. This is illustrated when the scribe writes, â€Å"‘I’ll do twenty years, Mr. Fowler; at least. I’ll be forty-six years old. ’ ‘That’s nine years younger than I am,’ Matt said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1214). The father’s response gives the reader insight to Matt’s thoughts of true justice and how no caution was used when pursuing this course of action. In conclusion, the author uses foreshadowing, imagery, and dialogue to set a tone of caution when thinking about taking vengeance outside of the legal system. This desire for reprisal is all too common, especially to those who have been victimized, to feel that if one wrong is committed that another wrong will cancel it out. Revenge is ill advised by most as people who say two wrongs don’t make a right and the memories will never fade. The story, â€Å"Killings† by Andre Dubus, illustrates how a father seeks out revenge for the murder of his twenty-one year old son and takes matters into his own hands only to discover that revenge only makes matters in his life worse.

Essay about Truman Capotes In Cold Blood Comparison of...

In Cold Blood is a tragic story of two men, Eugene Hickock and Perry Edward, who murder an entire family in search of money and then find themselves running from the law. While writing the book, Truman Capote used only facts to create a novel out of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject, but his problem was making his book read like a novel. He accomplished this by adding dialogue and describing characters feelings. This technique is used in the film as well when flashbacks of characters childhoods are shown. The different plots are handled very well in the movie. The main plot obviously is the murders and the run from the law. Other subplots that are shown are Smiths internal fight with his past†¦show more content†¦This is reason that these two resort to crime to solve their problems. The film was very well structured in comparison to the book. Capote purposely didnt tell the detailed version of the deaths until the end of the book, and the same procedure was followed in the movie. This technique is used to keep the viewer or reader interested throughout the entire story. The first part of the movie moved a little slowly, but I think this was necessary to show all the background information about the Cutter family and to show how the two murderers developed their plan. Once the night of the murders arrived, the plot moved very quickly and there was lots of suspense to keep the viewer interested. At the end of the film, after the hanging of the two murderers , I did not feel that justice had prevailed. After an entire family has been murdered, there is no justice because the people are already dead and there is nothing that can be done to change that. Even though Smith says that he apologizes for what he has done, it is meaningless because it doesnt change anything. One reason the film seems like it was a real event is how the producers recreate the setting of the late 1950s in America. Everything is correct from the social lives of people to the music that was popular in that era. The US is in a period of transition, and this is shown by the way people react to the crime. After this crime,Show MoreRelatedTruman Capotes In Cold Blood1591 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature attempts to shape or reflect society, and oftentimes literature reveals truths and provides insight into the condition of that society. The American Dream is a dominant theme in American literature, and in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, the idealistic dream is critically evaluated. In this paper, I will explain the context of the work, and then I will compare and contrast Dick any Perry (the murderers) with the Clutter family (the murdered) in relation to the theme of the fragility of

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1551 Words

America is characterized as the place of freedom with its iconic red, white, and blue flag which also symbolizes braveness. What makes this land so iconic and great isn t its status but it s exceptionally distinctive people. Americans aren t a specific type of people, but a mixture of people from all over the world that live in harmony. That is the reason why Americans are so unique and so hard to be defined. Being developed by great American novels such as the The Great Gatsby, The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, and The Catcher in the Rye, there is now a universal definition for all Americans. An American is someone who persistently seeks completion of an objective. Americans are portrayed as persistent individuals who strive†¦show more content†¦Ever since they were separated years ago, he still preserved his love for her, hoping that they can reunite once again. He portrays his love for Daisy when he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes(Fitzgerald 112). This quote also shows the level of persistence he has obtained because all the lavish things around him meant nothing to him if they couldn t help him get back Daisy. He further develops this view towards his belongings and surroundings because, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and astounding presence none of it was any longer real. (Fitzgerald 112). Gatsby shows characteristics of an American by persistently never giving up on his love of Daisy and doing (or buying) anything it takes to get her attention because his main objective after all is to re-gain her love in him as he l oves her so they can live happily ever after. In John Steinbeck s famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath the story follows a family s harsh struggles through the infamous Great Depression. Throughout the book, the Joads family show their American traits by persistently trying to find work for a better life no matter the obstacles that greet them. The level of persistence is shown when they travel west to California for work. As they travel, grandpa suddenly dies as He lay still and his breath was stopped. (Steinbeck 137). The men sat there, all huddled up